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Windows快速安装Rust

·494 字·3 分钟·
目录

Rust 丰富的类型系统和所有权模型保证了内存安全和线程安全,让您在编译期就能够消除各种各样的错误。

本文是最简最快最小化安装

重点提示:

  • 如果不想安装VS消耗时间和6-8G的空间,可以按本文安装。
  • 如果系统中已经安装了VS,那么直接运行rustup-init安装Rust,并一路回车即可。

前置条件:安装C++环境
#

rust底层是依赖C环境的连接器,所以需要先安装C/C++编译环境,

点击下载64位mingw-builds-binaries

下载后解压到任意盘根目录,然后把文件夹的bin目录路径配置到系统环境变量path。

比如:C:\mingw64\bin

验证配置是否成功

gcc -v

安装Rust
#

如果不想默认安装到C盘,安装之前要先设置一些系统环境变量,改变默认安装的位置。 比如全部安装到D盘的rust文件夹下。

RUSTUP_HOME D:\rust\.rustup  // 默认路径 ~/.rustup 或 %USERPROFILE%/.rustup
CARGO_HOME  D:\rust\.cargo // 默认路径 ~/.cargo 或 %USERPROFILE%/.cargo

如果默认从官网安装,下载很慢且容易失败,推荐使用镜像加速安装,先设置以下环境变量:

RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER  https://rsproxy.cn
RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT  https://rsproxy.cn/rustup

点击下载rustup-init.exe

做好以上准备工作之后,就可以用rustup-init.exe安装了

总体安装步骤中有三次需要输入数字选项,总结下来就是:3,2,1

运行rustup-init.exe后出现如下提示:

Rust Visual C++ prerequisites

Rust requires a linker and Windows API libraries but they don't seem to be
available.

These components can be acquired through a Visual Studio installer.

1) Quick install via the Visual Studio Community installer
   (free for individuals, academic uses, and open source).

2) Manually install the prerequisites
   (for enterprise and advanced users).

3) Don't install the prerequisites
   (if you're targeting the GNU ABI).

>3

输入3回车:

1) Proceed with standard installation (default - just press enter)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>2

输入2回车:

>2

I'm going to ask you the value of each of these installation options.
You may simply press the Enter key to leave unchanged.

Default host triple? [x86_64-pc-windows-msvc]
x86_64-pc-windows-gnu

这里默认是x86_64-pc-windows-msvc,也就是需要安装VS的msvc那一堆。这里我们使用自己单独下载配置好的编译环境。

输入x86_64-pc-windows-gnu,(小提示,先复制x86_64-pc-windows-gnu,然后命令行上鼠标右键就自动粘贴上去了,可以不用手写输入。

出现提示:

Default toolchain? (stable/beta/nightly/none) [stable]

直接回车,默认选择是稳定版。

出现提示:

Profile (which tools and data to install)? (minimal/default/complete) [default]

直接回车,默认选择默认。

出现提示:

Modify PATH variable? (Y/n)
y

输入Y回车(不分大小写),表示修改环境变量。

出现提示:

Current installation options:


   default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
     default toolchain: stable
               profile: default
  modify PATH variable: yes

1) Proceed with selected options (default - just press enter)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>1

输入1回车,然后开始安装并打印相关信息:

info: profile set to 'default'
info: setting default host triple to x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu'
info: latest update on 2022-12-15, rust version 1.66.0 (69f9c33d7 2022-12-12)
info: downloading component 'cargo'
  7.3 MiB /   7.3 MiB (100 %)   1.9 MiB/s in  5s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'clippy'
  3.6 MiB /   3.6 MiB (100 %)   1.7 MiB/s in  2s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
 19.0 MiB /  19.0 MiB (100 %)   2.1 MiB/s in 10s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-mingw'
  4.2 MiB /   4.2 MiB (100 %)   2.6 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-std'
 27.8 MiB /  27.8 MiB (100 %)   1.8 MiB/s in 14s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustc'
 74.3 MiB /  74.3 MiB (100 %)   1.5 MiB/s in 49s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustfmt'
  6.6 MiB /   6.6 MiB (100 %)   2.2 MiB/s in  3s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'cargo'
info: installing component 'clippy'
info: installing component 'rust-docs'
 19.0 MiB /  19.0 MiB (100 %)   3.0 MiB/s in  5s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rust-mingw'
info: installing component 'rust-std'
 27.8 MiB /  27.8 MiB (100 %)   9.0 MiB/s in  3s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustc'
 74.3 MiB /  74.3 MiB (100 %)  10.3 MiB/s in  7s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustfmt'
info: default toolchain set to 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu'

  stable-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu installed - rustc 1.66.0 (69f9c33d7 2022-12-12)

Rust is installed now. Great!

To get started you may need to restart your current shell.
This would reload its PATH environment variable to include
Cargo's bin directory (D:\Programs\rust\cargo_home\bin).

Press the Enter key to continue.

等待它下载文件完毕,这里需要等待的时间有点长,但耐心就好,假如下载出现错误,就重设上面的设定,再来一次流程。

当出现最后一行,敲回车,然后窗口自动关闭。

验证安装是否成功

打开命令提示符,也就是cmd。

分别输入每一行命令后回车,出现相关信息后,说明rust安装成功了。

rustc -V
rustup -V
cargo -V
rustup show 

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